Basic Classification Computer science

Basic Classification
Computer science is a discipline that encompasses a fairly broad branch of science, from basic theories problems to technological applications. The classification of Computer Science Dennings usually refer to the matrix, which is one of the classification matrix of Computer Science created by Peter J. Dennings [1] [2].
This classification is undergoing some refurbishment, where the latest version is the 1999 version [2] [3]. In the final version of the computer science is divided into 12 subfields (the previous version is 9 subfields). 12 subfields of Computer Science are:

Algoritma dan Struktur Data (Algorithms and Data Structures)	Bahasa Pemrograman (Programming Languages)
Arsitektur (Architecture)	Sistem Operasi dan Jaringan (Operating Systems and Networks)
Software Engineering	Database dan Sistim Retrieval Informasi (Database and Information Retrieval Systems)
Artificial Intelligence dan Robotik (Artificial Intelligence and Robotics)	Grafik (Graphics)
Human Computer Interaction	Ilmu Komputasi (Computational Sciences)
Organizational Informatics	BioInformatik (BioInformatics)

Dennings give special note to the new field of bioinformatics as a field that is a combination of Computer Science and Biology, and is currently experiencing significant growth.
Then along with the increase of science and technology, there is a possibility of this matrix will have improved again in days to come. Rows in the matrix Denning describes the fields in computer science. While the columns of the matrix illustrates the paradigm of these areas, which is reflected in three ways: Theory (Theory), Abstract (Abstraction), and Design (Design).
• Theory: is based on a mathematical approach, whereby to obtain a valid theory, must go through the following processes:
1. Definition (definition)
2. Manufacture theorem (theorem)
3. Evidence (proof)
4. Penginterpretasian results (interpret result)
• Abstract or modeling (modeling), is based on scientific experimental method, in which the conduct invesitigasi against a phenomenon, must go through the following processes:
1. The hypothesis form (form a hypothesis)
2. Making a model and make predictions (a construct models and make a predition)
3. Designing experiments and collecting data (design an experiment and collect data)
4. Analyze the results (analyze results)
• Design: is based on pendekatann engineering (engineering), which at the time of designing a system or device to solve the problem, must go through the following processes:
1. Stated requirements (state requirements),
2. Stated specification (state specifications)
3. Undertake the design and implementation of the system (design and implement the system)
4. Conduct testing of the system (the system test)
From the above, we can understand that it is engaged in computer science research problems will be a lot to do with the first two columns of the matrix (Theory and Abstraction). While engaged in the more technical issues using engineering approach, will be more involved in the scope of the last two columns matrix (Abstraction and Design).
Classification of Computer Science
Summarize the complete classification of computer science by Matrix Denning 1999 version is as below. The author deliberately make improvements, translation, and the cutting, to further facilitate the understanding of the classification of the computer science.

Teori Abstraksi Desain Algoritma dan Struktur Data Teori Komputabilitas Algoritma Paralel dan Terdistribusi Program Aplikasi Teori Komputasi Kompleks Komputasi Paralel Algoritma Efisien dan Optimal Teori Graf Kriptografi Algoritma dan Teori Probabilistik Bahasa Pemrograman Bahasa Formal dan Automata BNF Bahasa Pemrograman Turing Machines Metode Parsing, Compiling, Interpretation Formal Semantics Translator, Kompiler, Interpreter Arsitektur Aljabar Boolean Arsitektur Nueman Produk Hardware (PC, Superkomputer, Mesin Von Neumann) Teori Coding Hardware Reliability Teori Switching Finite State Machine Sistem CAD dan Simulasi Logika Teori Finite State Machine Model Sirkuit, Data Path, Struktur Kontrol Sistem Operasi dan Jaringan Teori Concurrency Manajemen Memori, Job Scheduling Produk OS (UNIX, Windows, Mach, dsb) Teori Scheduling Model Komputer Terdistribusi File dan File Sistem Teori Manajemen Memori Networking (Protokol, Naming, dsb) Pustaka untuk Utilities (Editor, Formatter, Linker, dsb) Software Engineering Teori Reliability Metode Spesifikasi Bahasa Spesifikasi Program Verification and Proof Metode Otomatisasi Pengembangan Program Metodologi Pengembangan Software Temporal Logic Tool Pengembangan Software Tool untuk Pengembangan Software Database dan Sistim Retrieval Informasi Relational Aljabar dan Kalkulus Data Model Teknik Pendesainan Database (Relational, Hierarchical, Network, dsb) Teori Dependency Teori Concurrency Skima Database Teknik Pendesainan Database Sistem (Ingres, Dbase, Oracle, dsb) Performance Analysis Sorting dan Searching Representasi File untu Retrieval Hypertext System Statistical Inference Artificial Intelligence dan Robotik Teori Logika Knowledge Representation Logic Programming (Prolog) Semantik dan Sintatik Model untuk Natural Language Metode Pencarian Heuristic Neural Network Conceptual Dependency Model Reasoning dan Learning Sistem Pakar Kinematics and Dynamics of Robot Motion Model Memori Manusia, Autonomous Learning Teknik Pendesaian Software untuk Logic Programming Grafik Teori Grafik dan Warna Algoritma Komputer Grafik Pustaka untuk Grafik Geometri Dimensi Dua atau Lebih Model untuk Virtual Reality Grafik Standar Teori Chaos Metode Komputer Grafik Image Enhacement System Human Computer Interaction Risk Analysis Pattern Recognition Flight Simulation Cognitive Psychology Sistem CAD Usability Engineering Ilmu Komputasi Number Theory Discrete Approximations, Fast Fourier Transform and Poisson Solvers Pustaka dan Paket untuk Tool Penelitian (Chem, Macsyma, Mathematica, Maple, Reduce, dsb) Binary Representation Backward  Error Propagation Teori Quantum Finite Element Models, Organizational Informatics Organizational Science Model dan Simlasi berhubungan dengan organizational informatics Management Information Systems Decision Support Systems Decision Sciences Organizational Dynamics Bioinformatik Teori Komputasi Model Komputasi DNA Kimia Organic Memory Devices Ilmu Biologi Protipe Retina dari Silikon Proyek Database Genom Manusia Medicine Model Database Genom Manusia Analisa Komputer Terhadap Struktur Enzim untuk Kesehatan

ACM Computing Classification System (CCS) Association for Computing Machinary (ACM) as a scientific association in the world's oldest computer field also devised a classification system for the field of computing (computing), which is known as the ACM Computing Classification System (CSS). ACM Computing Classification System is divided into three levels, which is similar to the preparation system to the Dewey Decimal Classification System (DCC) which is currently used as a standard preparation of the catalog of books in libraries. This classification system is divided into three, based on years of issuance. Detailed classification is as below.
 1. Classification System 1998
2. Classification System 1991
 3. Classification System 1964

Referensi

1. Peter Denning, et al., "Computing as a Discipline," Communications of ACM, 32, 1 (January), 9-23, 1989.
2. Peter Denning, "Computer Science: the Discipline," In Encyclopedia of Computer Science (A. Ralston and D. Hemmendinger, Eds), 1999.
3. A. Tucker, Jr. and P. Wegner, "Computer Science and Engineering: the Discipline and Its Impact," In Handbook of Computer Science and Engineering, CRC Press, Chapter 1, 1996.